Prescribed burns contribute to over 20% of fine particle pollution in the southeastern US

Prescribed burns are responsible for generating over 20% of fine particle pollution in the southeastern United States, according to research published on July 2, 2026, by the University of Georgia. This significant finding highlights the dual role of prescribed fires in reducing wildfire risks while also posing serious air quality challenges.

Impact of Prescribed Fires on Air Quality

The study reveals that while prescribed burns are essential for maintaining biodiversity and managing wildfire risks, they also contribute to air pollution. Fine-particle pollution, often referred to as soot, consists of tiny particles that can be inhaled and enter the bloodstream, leading to various health issues, including cancer and heart disease. Jingting Huang, the lead author of the study, stated, "Prescribed fire is receiving more attention because it is increasingly viewed as an important climate-adaptation tool to reduce wildfire risk and maintain biodiversity."

In the southeastern U.S., where approximately 60% of the nation’s prescribed burns occur, the health implications of smoke exposure are particularly concerning. The state of Georgia experiences the highest levels of fine particle pollution, averaging over 40 smoke-impacted days annually.

Research Methodology and Findings

The researchers utilized state burn permit records from Georgia, Florida, and South Carolina to analyze the impact of prescribed fires on air quality. By employing a multistage air quality model, they accounted for numerous small, short-lived burns that are often missed by satellite observations. The study found that smoke from these burns can significantly increase pollution exposure, even on days when overall air quality remains within acceptable levels.

• Over 20% of fine particle pollution attributed to prescribed burns.
• Georgia sees more than 40 smoke-impacted days each year.
• Florida's burns are often in less populated areas, reducing exposure.

Christina H. Fuller, a co-author of the study, emphasized the importance of this research for policy-making. She noted, "We can use this new model to estimate the impacts of policy changes on fine-particle concentrations and people's exposure." This insight is crucial for maximizing the benefits of prescribed fires while minimizing health risks.

Future of Smoke Management and Policy Implications

The study advocates for the use of detailed burn permit records in air quality models to better understand the smoke impacts of prescribed fires. Holly Nowell, another co-author, pointed out that while this approach may not be universally applicable, it offers a clearer picture of prescribed fire activity compared to satellite data alone.

As prescribed burning continues to play a vital role in forest management and climate adaptation, understanding and mitigating its air quality impacts will be increasingly important. The findings from this research could help shape future policies aimed at balancing conservation efforts with public health.