California and New York Legislation Aims to Combat Ghost Guns with New 3D Printer Regulations

California and New York are taking significant steps to combat the growing issue of ghost guns, with new legislation aimed at regulating 3D printers. On May 26, 2026, California's AB 2047 passed the Assembly, while New York's law was signed into effect, both requiring advanced technology to prevent the printing of firearms and their components.

Legislation Overview: California and New York's Fight Against Ghost Guns

In California, the AB 2047 bill mandates that the Department of Justice maintains a list of approved 3D printer models equipped with firearm-blocking technology. Manufacturers must attest that their printers include a government-approved firearm detection algorithm. Failure to comply will result in severe penalties, including fines of up to $25,000 per violation.

Meanwhile, New York's law goes further by applying to CNC machines and making it a felony to distribute gun files to unlicensed individuals. Governor Kathy Hochul has labeled 3D-printed gun parts as the “fastest growing gun safety threat in the country.”

The Rise of Ghost Guns and 3D Printing Technology

Ghost guns, which are firearms that lack serial numbers and can be made at home using 3D printers, have become increasingly prevalent. The first functional 3D-printed gun was created by Cody Wilson in 2013, leading to ongoing debates about regulation and safety. The recent high-profile murder of UnitedHealthcare CEO Brian Thompson using a 3D-printed firearm has further heightened concerns.

Despite various attempts to regulate the files that allow for the printing of such weapons, enforcement has been challenging. The new legislative measures in California and New York shift the focus from the files themselves to the printers used to create these weapons.

Challenges and Controversies Surrounding 3D Printer Regulation

The implementation of firearm-blocking technology raises several questions. Critics argue that the lack of specificity in defining acceptable detection algorithms could lead to unintended consequences, such as the restriction of legitimate non-firearm 3D printing activities. In Washington state, a similar bill faced pushback for potentially overreaching.

Advocates for tighter regulations believe that such measures are essential for public safety. As these laws are enacted, the balance between innovation in 3D printing technology and the need for regulation continues to be a contentious issue.

• California's AB 2047: Requires DOJ-approved printer models.
• New York's Law: Enforces felony charges for unlicensed distribution of gun files.
• Penalties: Up to $25,000 for non-compliance in California.