Bacteria Convert Dissolved Uranium into Stable Compound in 130 Days, Study Reveals

Researchers at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) have discovered that specific bacteria can transform dissolved uranium into a stable chemical compound within 130 days. This groundbreaking study, conducted in collaboration with Wismut GmbH and the University of Granada, was published on July 10, 2026, in Nature Communications.

Bacterial Metabolism and Uranium Reduction

According to Dr. Evelyn Krawczyk-Bärsch, a scientist in HZDR's Terrestrial Microbiology research group, the bacteria utilized uranium as a food source when glycerol was present. Glycerol, derived from the decomposition of plant and animal fats, is a critical component for these bacteria's metabolism.

The research team focused on the ability of these bacteria to reduce dissolved uranium levels in mine water. They conducted experiments using samples from a flooded uranium mine in the Ore Mountains, where oxygen levels are minimal, replicating natural conditions conducive to bacterial growth.

Experimental Findings on Uranium Incorporation

After 130 days, the results were striking: only about 5% of the original dissolved uranium remained in the samples. The researchers hypothesized that the bacteria had incorporated uranium into their cell walls. This was confirmed through advanced microscopic techniques.

Using the Rossendorf Beamline at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, the team analyzed the chemical states of uranium present in the bacteria. They discovered an unusual chemical state of uranium, specifically pentavalent uranium, which is rarely observed.

Stability of the New Uranium Compound

The study revealed that the bacteria formed a stable compound, referred to as FeU(V)O₄, which consists of iron and oxygen. This compound has shown remarkable stability, remaining intact even under atmospheric oxygen for over 25 years. The researchers had previously noted its presence in soil samples contaminated by uranium ammunition.

The findings indicate that bacteria can play a crucial role in environmental remediation efforts by converting toxic uranium into stable forms. Future research will aim to further explore the biochemical processes involved in uranium binding by these bacteria.