Professor Mat Santamouris from UNSW Sydney warns that as global temperatures rise, cities cannot rely solely on air conditioning to keep populations cool. In a review published on July 2, 2026, in Nature Reviews Clean Technology, he highlights the urgent need for innovative passive cooling technologies to combat the escalating heat crisis.
Growing Demand for Cooling Solutions
The review details alarming statistics about the increasing demand for cooling worldwide. Global electricity consumption for cooling has surged to nearly 10 percent of total electricity use, with approximately 10 new air conditioners sold every second. By 2050, it is anticipated that the number of residential air-conditioning units will rise to 5.6 billion globally.
Despite this surge, billions of individuals in hot climates still lack access to affordable cooling options. Professor Santamouris emphasizes the necessity of exploring alternatives to mechanical cooling, stating, "We cannot air-condition our way out of climate change."
Benefits of Passive Cooling Technologies
Passive cooling technologies represent a critical strategy for reducing energy demand while enhancing safety and comfort in buildings. Santamouris explains, "The best cooling strategy is to stop unwanted heat from entering buildings in the first place." This can be achieved through various methods such as:
- Shading and reflective materials
- Smarter ventilation systems
- Emerging cooling materials
He and co-author Dr. Konstantina Vasilakopoulou advocate for integrating passive cooling as the primary layer of defense, with mechanical systems providing additional support only when necessary. Technologies such as super-cool materials and hybrid cooling systems could significantly lower indoor temperatures.
Creating Healthier, Cooler Cities
Implementing passive cooling measures not only reduces energy consumption but also contributes to healthier urban environments. By keeping buildings and neighborhoods cooler, cities can mitigate heat-related illnesses and alleviate pressure on electricity networks during heat waves. Santamouris notes, "The greatest benefits will come from combining passive cooling with efficient air conditioning, rather than treating them as competing approaches."
To prepare for the future, buildings must be designed with climate-responsive features. Governments are urged to strengthen building standards, support the development of passive cooling technologies, and improve access to affordable cooling solutions for lower-income communities. Santamouris asserts, "The buildings we construct today will still be standing in 2050 and beyond. They need to be designed for the climate they will experience, not the climate we had in the past."
🤖 This article was rewritten by Feed and Figures' editorial AI from a report originally published by Phys.org. Facts and quotes are preserved from the original; the rewrite focuses on clarity and structure. For the unedited original, see the source link below.
