Four new indigenous cacao varieties discovered in Peru’s Amazon region

A new genetic analysis has uncovered four distinct groups of indigenous cacao varieties in Peru, according to research published on July 6, 2026. The study, conducted by Lambert Motilal and colleagues from various institutions, highlights the genetic diversity of cacao trees grown on Indigenous farms across the country.

Discovering Genetic Diversity in Cacao

Researchers analyzed 390 wild and semi-wild cacao trees from different regions in Peru, revealing previously unidentified genetic groups. This work builds on earlier studies that categorized cacao trees into 10 groups based on genetic similarities. The new findings challenge this framework, emphasizing the need for more focused research on Peru’s cacao.

Using single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), the team was able to identify genetic relationships among the trees, which could lead to better understanding and conservation of these resources. The four newly discovered groups add to the existing knowledge of cacao diversity, suggesting a richer genetic landscape than previously recognized.

Regional Signatures and Quality Insights

The analysis also highlighted distinct genetic signatures in different Peruvian regions, showing that the cacao trees vary significantly across geographic areas. Some trees were found to belong to pure genetic groups, while others were hybrids. Two of the new groups are particularly noteworthy for their potential to produce high-quality cacao beans.

These findings could have implications for the chocolate industry, as they may help identify cacao varieties with desirable flavor traits. The study also clarified the ancestry of the CCN 51 variety, which is known for its high yield and disease resistance, making it economically important for farmers.

Implications for Conservation and Industry

The researchers believe their findings can be leveraged for conservation efforts and to enhance the Peruvian cacao industry. “Our research reveals that while Peru's cacao trees share a common genetic thread across the country, each region harbors a unique genetic signature,” said Motilal. This discovery could lead to the identification of unique traits valuable for the cacao and chocolate market.

As the eighth-largest cocoa producer, Peru relies heavily on cacao cultivation, with over 80,000 farming families engaged in this industry. The new genetic insights could improve the economic viability of these farms and promote conservation of indigenous cacao varieties.