Bangladesh seeks stronger ties with China amid improving relations with India

Bangladesh's new Prime Minister Tarique Rahman is pursuing enhanced partnerships with China to stimulate the country's economy while gradually mending diplomatic relations with India. Rahman's recent visit to Beijing in June 2026 marked a significant shift in Bangladesh's foreign policy priorities.

Bangladesh's Strategic Shift Towards China

During his inaugural overseas trip, Rahman emphasized the importance of securing greater Chinese investments to address the challenges faced by the Bangladeshi economy. Analysts interpret his choice of China as a pivotal partner amidst a backdrop of historical ties with India. The trip has raised eyebrows in Delhi, particularly as India has been a traditional ally for newly elected leaders in South Asia.

Rahman's agenda included discussions on key bilateral agreements, notably a plan for managing the Teesta River and the development of a special economic zone near Mongla port. These initiatives are closely monitored by India, which competes with China for influence in Bangladesh.

Diplomatic Relations Between Bangladesh and India

Relations between Dhaka and Delhi have been strained since the ousting of former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina in August 2024. Following her departure to India, the interim government led by Muhammad Yunus saw diplomatic ties deteriorate, with India limiting high-level engagements. However, with Rahman's victory in February 2026, both nations have initiated steps to reset their relationship.

Former Indian foreign secretary Shyam Saran noted, "There is no doubt there has been a relative relaxation of tensions between the two countries." Recent developments include the resumption of passenger bus services between Kolkata and Dhaka, and India's provision of emergency fuel supplies to Bangladesh amid global shortages.

Concerns Over Chinese Involvement

Despite efforts to improve ties, lingering irritants remain. An anti-India sentiment persists in Bangladesh, fueled by accusations of India's support for Hasina and allegations of India pushing illegal immigrants across the border. Bangladeshi officials assert that thousands of Bengali-speaking Muslims have been sent into their country without proper repatriation protocols.

Additionally, inflammatory remarks made by Indian politicians during the West Bengal elections have further complicated perceptions in Dhaka. The BJP party's recent electoral victory in West Bengal has raised concerns, given the shared cultural and linguistic ties between the state and Bangladesh.

Experts caution that any Chinese involvement in the management of the Teesta River could spark security concerns for India, as the river is essential for both nations. During Rahman's visit, the two countries agreed to conduct a joint technical feasibility study on the river, which has faced ongoing negotiations for a water-sharing agreement.

• Rahman's significant initiatives include:
• Managing the Teesta River
• Developing a special economic zone at Mongla port
• Resuming passenger bus services between Kolkata and Dhaka
• Providing emergency fuel supplies from India

Chinese officials have attempted to reassure India, emphasizing that China-Bangladesh cooperation does not target any third party. With China's growing influence in the region, Bangladesh's strategic choices will continue to be a focal point in South Asian geopolitics.