Africa's wildlife laws reflect colonial legacies: A critical analysis of conservation practices

Africa's wildlife laws, rooted in colonial models, continue to separate local communities from their ancestral lands, according to a study published on July 6, 2026. The research by F. Dermmillah Obare highlights the challenges faced by wildlife conservation in Africa, emphasizing that these laws hinder both community livelihoods and ecological health.

Colonial Impact on Africa's Wildlife Conservation

Many of Africa's national parks and marine reserves, including notable sites like Virunga and Serengeti National Park, were established during the colonial era. Nearly half of Africa's 8,924 protected areas, which cover 14.51% of the continent's land, are still governed by colonial-era laws. These laws were largely influenced by the 1933 London Convention, which prioritized wildlife preservation by excluding local communities.

Obare’s analysis reveals that these laws not only reflect colonial ideologies but also continue to restrict access to resources for local populations. The study indicates that the exclusionary model has persisted even after African nations gained independence, undermining both community rights and wildlife conservation efforts.

Consequences of Exclusionary Practices

The current governance model leaves little room for community involvement in conservation efforts. Local communities often find themselves evicted from protected areas, losing access to vital resources. This disconnection has detrimental effects on both people and wildlife, as wildlife becomes confined to isolated areas, jeopardizing genetic diversity and ecological balance.

• 8,924 protected areas in Africa
• 14.51% of Africa's land area designated as protected
• Colonial-era laws still dominate wildlife management

Furthermore, the emphasis on creating tourist destinations rather than supporting local livelihoods exacerbates tensions between conservation efforts and community needs. As noted in the research, while tourism generates income, the benefits often flow to foreign companies rather than local residents.

Redesigning Protected Areas for Community Inclusion

To achieve effective wildlife conservation, it is crucial to redesign Africa's protected areas to support local communities. Obare argues that integrating community livelihoods into conservation strategies is essential for the survival and legitimacy of these areas. This approach recognizes the historical injustices faced by local populations and aims to build a more equitable framework for wildlife management.

The study urges a reevaluation of the colonial mindset that has long dominated Africa's wildlife conservation policies. By fostering collaboration between conservationists and local communities, a more sustainable future for both wildlife and people can be achieved.